Definition
The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus (womb). A special magnifying device with a light, called a colposcope, can be used to visually examine the cervix and vagina.
Reasons for Procedure
Colposcopy is usually done when a:
- Pap test is abnormal
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) test is positive for certain subtypes (These subtypes place you at an increased risk for developing cancer.)
This procedure can be used to:
- Help diagnose cervical cancer or precancerous changes
- Give more information about abnormal cells found on a pap smear
- Find the location where a tissue biopsy should be done
- Monitor treatment of abnormalities of the cervix
- Allow a visual exam of the cervix, vaginal walls, or vulva
Possible Complications
Complications are rare. But, no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have colposcopy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications. These may include:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Discomfort
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
In the 24 hours before the procedure, your doctor may advise you to avoid:
- Having sexual intercourse
- Using medicine or creams in your vagina
Anesthesia
Usually no anesthesia is needed. In certain cases, the cervix may be numbed with a local anesthetic.
Description of the Procedure
You will lie on your back with your feet in foot rests. A device called a speculum will be inserted into your vagina. The speculum will gently spread apart the vaginal walls. The inside of the vagina and the cervix will be easier to see. The colposcope will be placed at the opening of the vagina. Then, the cervix will be wiped with a solution. The solution will make abnormal areas easier to see. The cervix and vagina will be examined closely with the colposcope. A long tool may be used to take a sample of tissue from the cervix or vaginal wall.
How Long Will It Take?
About 5-10 minutes
How Much Will It Hurt?
This procedure is usually painless. If a biopsy is taken, you may feel a slight pinch and mild cramping.
Post-procedure Care
When you return home after the procedure, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- If you did not have a biopsy, return to normal activities. You may have light bleeding for a couple of days.
- If you had a biopsy, you may feel sore for a day or two. You may also have bleeding and dark discharge. You may need to use a sanitary pad for a few days. Do not put anything into your vagina for at least a week. Do not use tampons or have sex.
- Baths and showers are OK.
Results from a biopsy should be ready in about one week. The results will determine whether you need more testing or treatment.